Small Town Regeneration programme: SALGA briefing

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Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs

24 February 2021
Chairperson: Ms F Muthambi (ANC)
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Meeting Summary

Video: Portfolio Committee on Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, 24 Feb 2021

The Committee met on a virtual platform to consider and deliberate on the South African Local Government Association’s briefing on its Small-Town Regeneration programme. The Chairperson stated in her opening remarks that this meeting would not be business as usual, where municipalities previously treated local economic development as an afterthought, emphasising that it is service delivery is only sustainable if it is supported by the local economy. There was a strong emphasis on municipalities’ constitutional mandate to promote social development and economic growth. Members lamented the construction of white-elephant-malls in poor rural communities, stressing the need for social impact assessment prior to the implementation of the regeneration programme.

SALGA briefing illuminated the ongoing effect of special Apartheid on small towns; stating that South Africa’s main transport arteries often bypassed or diverted resources and investment away from small towns. This has led to a loss of towns’ economic comparative advantages. The regeneration programme aims to provide guidelines on how small towns can use existing administrative and economic infrastructure to maximise economies of scale by integrating the towns’ economic activities within the broader region.

The Deputy Minister said that the best approach was to place municipalities at the forefront of economic and social development as envisioned by the Constitution. It was highlighted to the Committee that it is noteworthy that the communities affected most by poor service delivery are rural towns and settlements. It was made clear to Members that the Small-Town Regeneration Programme was relaunched in the Free State. Even though the programme had already been functional, there was a need to incorporate the town-specific initiatives to their broader regions to ensure economic inclusion and to secure a more successful outcome. The programme now views individual towns as interdependent economic nodes within the context of the broader region.  The new approach aims to maximise economies of scale by creating connecting suppliers and producers to create an interdependent economic network within rural areas.  The Deputy Minister also informed SALGA to consider special economic zones and include them in the regional economic framework. The DDG responded to a concern of fragmentation, stating that the Departments’ approach is not fragmented, but rather aims to strengthen the planning processes and provide a strong framework as to how the Department goes about its work with small towns

The Committee felt that government’s approach to reviving local economies has become a patchwork of disconnected programmes and emphasised the need for better coordination across several Departments to gather resources and human capital to ensure the success of the programme.

The Committee resolved to continue the discussion and provide oversight on the regeneration programme by inviting the Departments; of Small Business Development; Tourism; and Agriculture, Land and Rural Development to a follow up meeting.  Members stressed the need for political will to address unemployment through the programmes. The Chairperson asked the Committee secretary to schedule a meeting with the Department to address the Department’s interventions.

Meeting report

The Chairperson greeted Members and noted the presence of the Deputy Director-General (DDG), Mr Themba Fosi. She noted apologies from the Minister and Director-General (DG) of the Department of Corporate Governance and Traditional Affairs (Cogta).

The Chairperson thanked South African Local Government Association (SALGA) representatives for always being available to assist the Committee in its oversight of the institution. 

Opening Remarks by the Chairperson

The Chairperson stated that this meeting will be focused on small town regeneration and development. She explained that the Committee has spent a large portion of 2020 deliberating on issues of service delivery, emphasising the importance of a vibrant local economy to support municipal service delivery in the country. She emphasised that it is impossible to have adequate service delivery without the support of the local economy. She observed that unless poor South Africans gained access to employment to access the local economy, government’s service delivery endeavour will not be viable in the long haul. 

The Chairperson stated further that South Africa’s economic growth has become increasingly slower, which results in a slow labour absorption rate and subsequent high unemployment rate. Municipalities are mandated by Section 52 1 (c) of the Constitution to promote social development and economic growth.  She noted that the economic growth and social development have a symbiotic relationship, where it is impossible to have the one without the other. She highlighted that South Africa’s welfare can only be realised by striking a balance between economic growth and social welfare. The meeting aims to address issues pertaining to revitalising the local economy by providing support to private enterprise in the local economy and developing a culture of paying for municipal services. There has been concern that some Municipalities are not taking their mandate of social development seriously and the Department is invited to provide more insight on the matter.

The Chairperson invited the Deputy Minister to share his thoughts in this regard.

Deputy Minister’s Remarks

Mr Obed Bapela, Deputy Minister of COGTA, concurred with the Chairperson’s opening remarks. He noted that most of South Africa’s infrastructure was built in the last century and that the governments mandate is to build on existing structures instead of embarking on a costly complete overhaul and renovation of municipal infrastructure. He stated the need of developing and building new towns in rural areas to reduce rural dependence on urban areas and to mitigate urbanisation. In order to revive the economy, the best approach is to place municipalities at the forefront of economic and social development as envisioned by the Constitution. By-laws should be reviewed to facilitate economic growth and not to hinder or undermine individual’s initiative to generate income and escape the grip of poverty in rural areas. The Deputy Minister concluded his opening remarks by commending the Department for its report on Local Economic Development (LED).

The Chairperson thanked the Minister for his opening remarks and invited the Councillor Bheki Stofile to commence with the presentation.

SALGA Briefing

Councillor Stofile (SALGA) stated that the main purpose of the presentation is to highlight the impact that service delivery can have on communities. Councillor Stofile thanked the Committee for their support and commended them on the effort and vigour of their work. He highlighted that it is noteworthy that the communities affected most by poor service delivery are rural towns and settlements. The focus of the presentation is on the more challenging issues pertaining to transformation and more specifically on the effect of COVID19 on municipal transformation agendas. The presentation will also highlight SALGA’s view on key issues.

Mr Gwala commenced with the SALGA presentation. The aim of the presentation is to present the knowledge SALGA has gained in its work with local municipalities. He spotlighted the progress made by the Karoo region. SALGA’s mandate is to lobby ad advocate for investment in small towns and settlements. SALGA represents the local municipalities and aims to continuously improve its capacity to ensure that the work that is done is of a high calibre.

One of SALGA’s key strategies is inclusive economic growth and mitigating special Apartheid. The presentation highlighted that South Africa’s main transport arteries often bypassed or diverted resources and investment away from small towns, which has led to a loss of towns’ economic comparative advantages.

The small-town regeneration programme aims to fulfil the economic potential of small towns and increase the performance of underperforming towns. He highlighted the importance of building on towns existing assets. Mr Gwala pointed out that the success of the programme depends on broader regional development and including small towns and settlements in the broader economic framework.

Small towns play a pivotal role as service centres and it is important that they are included within their broader region. Mr Gwala stated that SALGA aims for the “value added” of agricultural and mining products to be produced within the vicinity their original mining and agricultural towns instead of outsourcing “value adding” to urban centres. 

Mr Gwala explained to the Committee that the Small-Town Regeneration Programme was relaunched in the Free State. Even though the programme had already been functional, there was a need to incorporate the town-specific initiatives to their broader regions to ensure economic inclusion and to secure a more successful outcome. The programme now views individual towns as interdependent economic nodes within the context of the broader region.

The new approach aims to maximise economies of scale by creating connecting suppliers and producers to create an interdependent economic network within rural areas.  This will facilitate a more cohesive value adding system within the region to ensure that the final product produced by the region is more valuable than what individual towns can produce by themselves.

Mr Gwala stated that the regeneration programme is coherent with the government’s rural urban development programme, stressing that it is imperative that towns and cities are not viewed as being mutually exclusive, but rather interconnected. Rural South Africans have the same hopes and aspirations for the future as citizens who live in urban centres, such as Johannesburg and Cape Town.

He explained that the programme takes into consideration the strengths and weaknesses of the existing governance, administrative and infrastructure framework in the towns to ensure that the programme is sustainable, and that the best possible outcome can be achieved. He stressed that the programme does not exclude less equipped towns, but rather aims to gather town specific knowledge to ensure the success of the programme.

Summary of the Regeneration Programme

In summary the regeneration programme first embarks on an enquiry into the status quo of the town taking into consideration the existing administrative and economic infrastructure with the aim of integrating the town’s economic activities within the broader region. Mr Gwala stressed that SALGA does not undermine the towns’ unique identity and municipal development goals, but rather aims to support and revive towns, by adding value based onto what each town within the region can offer.

Mr Gwala highlighted the importance of cooperation and collaboration between municipalities from various towns to ensure the success of the programme and to eliminate rivalry between towns participating in the programme.

Karoo Region Municipalities

Mr Khalil Mullagie, Provincial Director of Operations: Western Cape, SALGA provided the Committee with some background information on the success story from the municipalities in the Karoo. He explained that the municipalities decided to collaborate at a regional level after realising that some of the local government mega projects crossed municipal boundaries and required consensus. Therefore, it was decided to tackle local challenges on a broader collaborative regional level to increase the vigour of interventions aimed at revitalising small towns. Most of the stakeholders in the Karoo supported municipalities in this regard.

Mr Mullagie stated that the Karoo Region is the first region that was proclaimed in terms of SPLUMA in October 2020. He noted that SPLUMA required for all forty municipalities to pass council resolutions in support of the proclamation, which had to be ratified by the MEC. The Department of Land Reform and Rural Development has agreed to assist the Karoo Region in its special development programmes. The Karoo Region’s region proclamation is the first of its kind as it extends across four provincial boundaries. The Department of Tourism will also provide support by developing a Karoo Region tourism marketing strategy.

Mr Mullagie explained that there is an ongoing discussion on the feasibility of developing a government precinct in the region as a catalyst for special development and service delivery in the region. The Portfolio Committee will receive invitations to the conference on the Karoo Region for further insight.

Discussion

Ms D Direko (ANC) expressed that revitalising small towns is a matter that she is passionate about, noting that towns have immense economic potential. However, she lamented that towns, which once housed thriving communities are increasingly becoming ghost towns or have degraded to crime colonies with deteriorating infrastructure. She noted the ongoing effect that special Apartheid has had on rural development. She stated that the combined effect of all these factors has diverted investment away from small towns and asked for clarity on how SALGA intended to include small towns in the broader economy and mitigate some of the challenges stemming from special Apartheid.

Ms Direko also highlighted municipal debt and a lack of capacity in small towns and asked how SALGA aimed to assist towns in identifying their economic opportunities and developing a credible development plan and corresponding sectoral plan.

Ms Direko recalled that her hometown of Matjhabeng in the Free State was once a thriving mining town but has now become a declining municipality in distress. She stated that President Zuma had introduced a presidential financial package to aid declining mining municipalities and asked whether this package still exists and how SALGA intends to assist municipalities to access these funds. Ms Direko stated that for the revitalisation project to succeed there needed to be a political will in unison with the endeavour, stating that it is imperative for all the stakeholders to understand the importance of reviving small towns. She asked for insight on how SALGA aimed to train municipalities on revitalisation and how SALGA intended to ensure that there is a political will in support of the project.

Ms E Spies (DA) shared her experience on her experience as a Councillor and Ward Councillor of a small town. Ms Spies explained that she had previously been a Ward Councillor for a town that was identified to participate in the Comprehensive Rural Development Plan and stated that one of the main stumbling blocks for the project was that there was no-one to take responsibility for the project. This means that there was no one to take responsibility for the lack of tangible changes on the ground. She further stated that it was often difficult to identify the source of “blockages”, as there was a lack of a cohesive flow of information between Departments and local stakeholders.

Ms Spies stated that she has been in contact with mayors from the Karoo and that there is a great need to ensure that people with the adequate skills and experience are placed in the right positions at every level of the implementation project to ensure that success of the project. She highlighted the importance of collaboration, stating that local partners are not merely consultants, but key components to the success of the project, as they are more closely connected to the various communities and possess a wealth of institutional knowledge.

Ms H Mkhaliphi  (EFF) recalled that the Committee had previously highlighted the lack of coordination in service delivery. She asked SALGA to provide more information on the number of towns that have been identified to be included in the programme and what are some of the success stories they have had in terms of their knowledge.  She asked whether the small-town regeneration programme can be linked with the township economy, stating that the programme’s success needed the support of the township economy. Ms Mkhaliphi agreed with Ms Direko pertaining to the need for political will to ensure the success of the programme. It appears that there is a lack of cohesion and coordination within the service delivery plan; while the district development plan already exists, SALGA has initiated a small-town regeneration programme, which shows that broader service delivery approach is fragmented.

Ms Mkhaliphi lamented that the lack of cohesion and coordination in service delivery interventions on a local level has led to the loss of jobs, given the current economic climate where companies cannot afford to operate in South Africa and there has been a lack of programmes to address these matters on a local level. She admitted that the Portfolio Committee lacked expertise on the regeneration programme and is ultimately dependent on SALGA’s guidance in this regard. Ms Mkhaliphi stressed the pre-eminence of unemployment, as municipalities are increasingly unable to provide services, due to unemployment in their jurisdiction whence rates and tax revenue is derived. There must be political will to address unemployment through the existing programmes.

Mr K Ceza (EFF) welcomed the presentation and hoped that the programme would address the challenge of rural/urban migration. He agreed with Ms Mkhaliphi that ignoring the rural/urban divide would perpetuate special Apartheid. He noted the decline of certain industries in small towns and asked how SALGA intended to revive industries that had previously employed local communities in small towns. Mr Ceza stated that the best way to ensure employment is to follow consumer trends and to produce goods that consumers demand. He asked SALGA to provide a timeframe as to when they expect to implement the programme on the ground.

Mr Ceza agreed that there is a need for political will to address these issues and the programme which SALGA is implementing should receive governments support.

Mr G Mpumza (ANC) stated that provincial and local government should use the Portfolio Committee for Cooperative Governance and Traditional affairs as a net to gather all sector departments and the resources they need to build the economies of small towns and dorpies. He cited the Greater Giyani municipality, stating that it is evident that municipalities are unable to drive economic development in rural areas. He also noted that it is important that Cogta not adopt a separate policy, but rather build upon and use SALGA’s project “as policy” to drive economic growth small towns and settlements. He also expressed concern that municipalities revenues continue to shrink, due to rural/urban migration.

The Chairperson stated that the Department already has a framework that is aimed at addressing small town and rural development and asked DDG Themba Fosi to elaborate on the matter. She also stated that there is a need for the Committee to collaborate with other relevant portfolio committees in this regard.

The Chairperson asked for SALGA to advise on how the Committee can provide oversight and whether there are any international best practices that the regeneration programme should follow.

Ms M Tlou (ANC) raised the issue of township revitalisation. She stated the SALGA presentation failed elaborate on small scale farmer initiatives. She asked how SALGA intended to equip small businesses and farming initiatives to generate income, stressing that small scale farmers often lack equipment and often need support in this regard.

The Chairperson asked SALGA, what the key features of a successful town. She stated that municipal amalgamations have often created municipal seat positions with the larger urban area, which imposes a significant burden on smaller towns as members and municipal employees would have to commute to the larger town to conduct their business.

The Chairperson stated that the CWP programme can be a major contributor to the small-town regeneration programme and asked Mr Fosi to elaborate on the matter. Referring to District Development Programme, the Chairperson stated that it is imperative to consider the social impact after implementation. She spotlighted the need for a holistic approach in programmes.

Responses

The Deputy Minister welcomed SALGA’s programme and commended them for their work. He stated that it is important that the towns are sustainable and that the programmes should be cognisant of the effect of climate change and the fourth industrial revolution. He welcomed the contributions from the lessons provided by Ms Direko and Ms Spies

The Deputy Minister informed the SALGA to consider special economic zones and include them in the regional economic framework. He observed the decline of communities in University towns, stating that it was common occurrence that the communities surrounding Universities were poor despite the economic activity brought by an influx of students, citing Alice and the University of Fort Hare.

The Deputy Minister asked that the inter-municipal co-corporation should be modelled in the district development model. He highlighted the possibility of new towns arising out of industrial development zones and stated that SALGA should also take these into consideration. The Deputy Minister informed the Committee on the progress made to lure investment to rural areas by means of the industrial development zones and asked that SALGA incorporates these zones within the small-town regeneration programme framework.

The Deputy Minister explained that the government will be conferring city status to several towns and likewise town status to selected settlements, asking that SALGA’s small town regeneration programme can be updated to include these new towns.

He added that the government has a special transformation plan that aims to scrutinise urban and rural infrastructure.  There is an inter-ministerial committee headed by the Vice President that has been established and a budget has been allocated to the committee to target special transformation specifically. The special transformation project may also speak to the small-town regeneration programme directly and SALGA should also take this into consideration when refining the programme.

The Deputy Minister agreed that there cannot be regeneration without economic activity in the small towns. He stated that Cogta’s mandate in this regard is to ensure that the economic activity remains in the towns and not move, due to a lack of municipal services.

The Chairperson thanked the Deputy Minister for his contributions.

Mr Themba Fosi [COGTA DDG] explained that when the programme was initiated it coincided with the Integrated Urban Development Framework (IUDF), which has a strong emphasis on the urban/rural continuum. The focus area of the IUDF is on the metro system, as this is the metro’s propagating economic activity. The IUDF also focuses on secondary cities (intermediate cities), such as Polokwane, which have a strong potential for growth, but need additional support to realise their potential. The DDG commented that the IUDF provides a good framework as to how to provide support to growing cities.  

The LED framework has been reviewed to better align with economic recovery and takes into consideration the additional challenged that have been presented by COVID19. The Department has already requested municipalities to present economic recovery plans, to which 34 municipalities have adhered. He stated that the Departments approach is to consult and collaborate with stakeholders to ensure that challenges and blockages are met.

The DDG stated that programmes have already been implemented to resuscitate industrial areas and factories in rural areas, citing the Hammanskraal factory resuscitation. There is an ongoing programme aimed at registering small businesses in small towns.

The DDG responded to Ms Mkhaliphi’s concerns of fragmentation, stating that the Departments’ approach is not fragmented, but rather aims to strengthen the planning processes and provide a strong framework as to how the Department goes about its work with small towns. He added that all the programmes, including the regeneration programme, are anchored in the District Development Model. The programmes are poised to address specific needs.

The DDG emphasised the need for governmental support for the small-town regeneration project and thanked Members for their contributions.

The Chairperson thanked the DDG and asked Councillor Stofile to respond to Members’ questions.

Councillor Stofile thanked Members for their questions and comments. He stated that he had hoped the Deputy Minister would respond to Ms Direko’s question pertaining to declining mining towns as this was a government initiative. He stated that SALGA commits to continue to strengthen working relations with the Department and lobbying for municipalities.

He responded to Ms Mkhaliphi, stating that her approach is to incorporate small businesses in townships such as spaza shops in the broader regeneration programme. He responded that according to DDG the government’s approach is not only to coordinate and provide assistance to municipalities, but more specifically to use the district as a resource to meet specific needs at a local level. This requires both human and financial capital to ensure success. The township economy reveals the weaknesses of the three spheres of government and that there is a disconnect between the Department and municipalities. This had an impact on service delivery. The District Development Model aims to provide a coordinated government response to the issues affecting municipalities on the ground. The Department should take full responsibility in providing guidance and make resources available for the regeneration agenda.

SALGA’s Responses

Mr Gwala responded to Members stating that the input Members raised were poised on implementation, beckoning for tangible evidence for the project’s success on the ground. Mr Gwala committed to gathering more information and input from partners and stakeholders so that SALGA can better present the progress made and provide tangible results. He emphasised that not everything pertaining to the regeneration project is managed by SALGA and that the Committee should also consider meeting with the other stakeholders and departments involved.

Mr Gwala noted that the Deputy Minister had addressed the coordination issue succinctly.

Mr Gwala responded to Ms Spies question stating, given the Chairpersons opening remarks, SALGA developed a situational analysis to gather information about municipalities’ current standing or status quo, before embarking on the implementation of the regeneration programme. The situational analysis has revealed that existing LEDs were often found to be incapacitated, due to a lack of human capital and financial support. Through the situational analysis guidelines can be developed to assist municipalities in solving some of the issues they face.

Mr Gwala expounded on the guidelines, citing that the Department of Small Business Development has embarked on a red tape reduction programme. The Department has identified that in some municipalities it takes longer to register a business or obtain a permit. Therefore, there must be guidelines and a collaborated effort between municipalities to learn from one another on how to streamline the process and yield better results. In the same vein SALGA aims to use these guidelines as a means of enabling municipalities to react more quickly to blockages and issues that may arise.

Mr Gwala responded to Mr Ceza’s question on the expected timeframe, stating that there is no fixed time-frame per se, as there is no end destination.  The regeneration project is envisioned to be an ongoing continuous programme, which means that towns will continually be re-envisioning themselves and addressing issues as they arise. In terms of the implementation the project has already been implemented in the Karoo Region and will be implemented in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces, as well as in the Gauteng City Region.

Mr Gwala stressed the need for political will, as this will influence what is presented to the IDP. He stated that although SALGA assists municipalities in implementing the programmes, implementation is still on a local level and there needs to be political will for the execution of the project.

Mr Gwala explained that one of SALGA’s projects is managed by the National Treasury. He explained that the World Bank uses indicators to determine and rank the ease of conducting business across its member countries. SALGA has partnered with the National Treasury to use these same indicators at a local level. These indicators help SALGA learn more about South Africa’s economic standing. SALGA also aims to develop a city competitiveness index as a means of identifying issues and evaluating cities to assist small business development and increase investment.

Mr Gwala agrees with Mr Mpumza’s contributions to collaborate with IGR and sister organisations to gain a broader access to resources.

Mr Gwala informed the Committee that SALGA will be hosting a conference on 18 and 19 March with international participants who will be sharing their experiences and case studies. He invited Members to attend for more information.

Mr Gwala responded to Ms Tlou, stating that he did not have enough information on township development and small-scale businesses. He asked the Committee to contact the Department of Small Business Development in this regard, as they are currently leading this aspect of the regeneration endeavour.

The Chairperson thanked Mr Gwala for his responses and sked whether Members have any further questions.

Ms Mkhaliphi commented that the SALGA representatives’ responses were comprehensive and in unison with the Deputy Minister’s response. She stated that there is a need to continue the conversation outside the meeting as the success of the programme is dependent on inter-departmental collaboration.  She agreed with the Chairperson that building malls in rural areas tended to be white elephants, as most people are not able to afford to go to malls, stressing the importance of thinking about the social impact of regeneration initiatives before embarking on the programme. 

Ms Mkhaliphi reiterated the importance reinforcing township generation with economic development, as there can be no regeneration or revival without economic activity.

The Chairperson thanked Ms Mkhaliphi for her contributions.

The Chairperson agreed with Ms Mkhaliphi and the earlier point raised by Ms Direko on revitalising declining mining towns. She asked DDG Fosi to follow up with Mr Stofile in this regard.

The Chairperson asked that a separate meeting be scheduled to provide Members with more insight into the LED framework including the IUDF.

The Chairperson lamented that there are “political champions” managing the District Development Model (DDM), stating that she had independently probed whether one of the DDM’s directors knew what the project was about and was disappointed at the response she received.

The Chairperson explained that on a recent visit to Durban, the municipality had requested for assistance from a “political champion” deployed in Durban, who bluntly responded that he/she does not have a mandate. The Chairperson stated that she is concerned and prompted based on what she has learned to ask the Department to give a briefing on project consolidation. Namely, what the projects were intended to achieve and what was achieved.

The Chairperson highlighted that there are forums that have been implemented in line with the IGR framework that are idle. She requested for the DDG to make an inquiry in this matter.

The Chairperson responded that it is in the Committees’ best interests to attend the SALGA conference to gain better insight on the way forward.

DDG Fosi responded that he will follow up on the Presidency’s programme pertaining to the regeneration of declining mining towns. The Department is prepared to present on the LEDs in the next meeting.

The DDG responded to the Chairperson stating that when the President appointed the political champions, he developed terms of reference for the oversight role of the political champions and the response areas, such as the impact of COVID19 and GBV. Another aspect of the political champion’s role is sectoral development.

The DDG responded that the IGR structures have been critical structures for coordinating the COVID response provincially and locally. The Department is building on the structures to strengthen coordination. He emphasised the need for the sectors to provide clear budget goals in light of all the challenges. He agreed that there must be a tangible impact on the ground that can be measured.

Mr Stofile appreciated the relationship between the Portfolio Committee and SALGA. He stated that he appreciated the Departments’ commitment to restoring the vigour of the DDM. He welcomed members concerns and stated reiterated that although DDM is not a universal solution to all the challenges that local governments face, the programme can make an impact when implemented correctly. He stated that the DDM should not just be a concept but rather be treated as s government driven project. It is the government’s Constitutional mandate to ensure that municipalities are functional.

Councillor Stofile lamented that the kryptonite of the DDM is poor coordination and implementation. He concluded that when local governments the whole government thrives.

The Chairperson thanked Councillor Stofile for his contributions and asked SALGA to provide a case study in this regard so that the Committee can better ascertain the success of the regeneration programme.

The Chairperson commented that there is a need to consider how the regeneration programme can include the House of Traditional Leaders’ development programme and the Cities Network.

The Chairperson asked the Committee secretary to schedule a meeting with the Department to address DDG Fosi’s report on the Departments interventions.

The Chairperson thanked Members for their active participation in the meeting.

The meeting was adjourned.

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