South Africa remains a dual economy with one of the highest Gini coefficients in the world, perpetuating both inequality and exclusion. Poverty and inequality, both exacerbated by unemployment, are South Africa's most significant challenges. Lack of access to natural resources, a two-tiered educational system, a dual health system, discriminatory spatial planning, and other socioeconomic dimensions are some of the aspects that demonstrate inequality in our society. Undoing both inequality and poverty remains the major preoccupation of the ANC in the democratic South Africa.