. The norovirus may have been introduced from the community and it infected one or more neonates. It spread to all other babies due to lack of infection prevention and control practices. . Gastrointestinal damage caused by the norovirus might have led to migration of gut organisms like klebsiella pneumonia and other bacteria into the bloodstream and caused severe sepsis requiring the administration of antibiotics into the bloodstream. . Bacteria that were present in the gut can furthermore be spread by contaminated hands due to inadequate handwashing after diaper changes and in the course of healthcare delivery to other neonates and result in healthcare associated infections. . The bacterially contaminated used milk bottles could have also led to the introduction of dangerous bacteria into the very fragile gastrointestinal tract of the pre-term neonates with norovirus diarrhoea and could have caused complications such as necrotising enterocolitis.