The large tax revenue shortfall and new expenditure pressures require further tax policy and spending interventions. In the context of economic weakness, the 2019 Budget tax proposals are designed to minimise the negative impact on growth. Over the medium term, tax policy adjustments will be made, as needed, to strengthen fiscal consolidation. According to the 2019 Budget Review, this year's proposals are estimated to raise tax revenue by R15 billion, in 2019-20. Further tax changes are proposed to raise an additional R10 billion, in 2020- 21.