Mr Msiza reported that the DMR established a Gauteng Stakeholder Forum which is implementing measures on key focus areas to strengthen access control and security measures at mines. Derelict and ownerless mines are rehabilitated. Open holes, shafts and openings are continuously identified and sealed by DMR, CGS and mining companies. Stakeholders review and implement effective methods for preventing access to underground workings. The DMR encourages mining of surface outcrops where possible utilizing opencast mining methods. The use of land where illegal mining sites have been rehabilitated is encouraged. A workshop was conducted with all the stakeholders including the NPA, SAPS and mining companies on all the relevant legislation which will strengthen the formulation of charges and sentencing of kingpins/illegal miners. Small (registered) metal refineries have been identified as a weak point and the validity of licences have been verified. He further reported that the National Coordination Strategic Management Team (NCSMT) was established by the JCPS to coordinate government's efforts to fight illegal mining and the trafficking of precious metals. The Gauteng Forum also reports to the NCSMT. SAPS have established Mines Crime Combating Forums for the purpose of combating crimes that are occurring in the mines and also to tackle illegal mining. Mr Msiza reported that there are many challenges which the authorities face, including, amongst other things, the violent attacks on SAPS, DMR, CGS and mine officials; continuous re-opening of sealed holes and new holes being excavated by illegal miners; mine and surface infrastructure being compromised as a result of mining of remnants and stability pillars; degradation of the environment including water, soil and air pollution by processing using water from streams and using mercury; the increase in crime associated with illegal mining including murder as a result of rival gang activity and the theft of copper cables and steel.