Environmental legislation, policies and programmes . The National Framework for Sustainable Development (NFSD) identifies key areas for intervention based on an integrated analysis of trends. . There is a mismatch between environmental policies and legislation on the one hand and practice on the other hand. . Planning capacity at the municipal level is generally poor, resulting in reactive rather than proactive approaches to the challenges of sustainable development. Consequently, Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) do not reflect local priorities or realities, where they do, they remain largely unimplemented due to lack of prior experience in operationalising development plans. . Environmental sustainability is often neglected in decision making. Decisions should result in good economic and environmental outcomes. . Environmental policies require review and innovative environmental programmes are required to reduce air pollution. . The Sustainable Development Policy has not yet been passed by Parliament; this results in conflicting mandates between departments.