He reported that the activities of the ARC-ISCW's Agro climatology Programme include climate monitoring, climate and crop modelling, weather dissemination (through radio, television, cellular phones) and scientific advisories, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission monitoring and climate change adaptation and mitigation. He mentioned that the ISCW has been given the responsibility by DAFF to do research on climate adaptation. He reported that the Institute's Geo Informatics Programme is involved in using satellite imagery to predict crop yields, disease or pest outbreaks, crop stress, early warnings, water quality and land/crop suitability. Dr Maila further reported that the ARC-ISCW's Soil Science Programme is involved in providing soil information and doing land evaluation for a variety of clients ranging from commercial to small-scale farmers. The Institute's Water Science Programme is involved in water quality management in agro-ecological systems, efficient utilisation of water in rainfed and irrigated agricultural systems, forestry and livestock production systems, sustainable management of water resources in wetlands to enhance ecosystem health and functioning, assessment of climate change impacts on water and agro-ecological systems. He also reported that the ARC-ISCW has an Analytical Services Laboratory for soil and plant analyses, water analyses and specialist inorganic/biological analyses.