34. Amendment of section 71: Dumping permits There are a limited number of activities for which the Minister may issue dumping permits under section 71 of the Act. There may be circumstances where additional categories are required as changes occur in the international regime which governs dumping, namely the London Dumping Protocol 1996, to which South Africa is a signatory. The amendment proposes to give the Minister the power to prescribe in regulations, additional waste and other material that may be permitted without the need to continuously amend the Act as and when new categories occur. The amendment also proposed to clarify the time period for validity of a permit which is ambiguous. 35. Amendment of sections 79 - 81: Offences and penalties There have been complaints that the penalties are inadequate and that there are gaps in the sentencing provisions. Sections 79 to 81 of the Act (offences and penalties) have been tightened up. There are now only two categories of offences instead of three and the sentences for category two offences have been increased. A subsection has been inserted to allow a High Court to impose a higher penalty than stipulated in the Act. In addition, the proposed amendment to section 81 deals with extra-territorial jurisdiction of South African courts and improves the text regarding the jurisdiction of courts in respect of offences in terms of the Act. 36. Amendment of section 84: Terminology The proposed amendment is consequential to the amendment of the definition of "coastal set-back lines". 37. Amendment to section 85: Penalties for regulations There was initially no maximum limit set for offences in regulations but this has now been inserted to provide certainty as to the upper limit of the Minister's powers. 38. Amendment of section 87: Powers of the Minister This section is proposed for deletion as a consequential amendment to inserting these provisions in each section e.g. sections 22, 26, 28 and 83 where powers relating to the coastal protection zone must be exercised by the Minister. 39. Amendment of section 89: Delegations by the Minister