During the period under review, South Africa continued to confront the quadruple burden of disease including: HIV and TB, high maternal and child mortality, increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and violence and injuries. However the country has seen a 10% improvement in life expectancy of South Africans largely attributed to the scale-up of the antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme and success of the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programme.