. Achieve critical mass in a small number of long-term, large-scale and high-impact priority areas that have been identified over the past few years; . Ensure that high-level human capital is developed and employed in long- term productive research in South Africa; . Introduce and strengthen efforts that enhance South Africa's ability to exploit knowledge effectively for economic and social benefit; . Improve the ability of government investment to leverage private sector and international funding; . Build the knowledge-generation and knowledge-exploitation capabilities in rural and historically disadvantaged higher education institutions; . Provide and maintain state of the art STI infrastructure; . Create a coordinated and integrated NSI governance and robust monitoring and evaluation; . Develop and strengthen regional and provincial innovation systems and capabilities to meet community ad industry demands; . Use the cluster system to facilitate alignment of the Department's programmes to the NGP, the Industrial Policy Action Plan 2 (IPAP2) and the NDP; . Resource the system by achieving and going beyond the 1% General Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) as a % of GDP; and . Strengthen government-industry-higher education partnerships.