3.1 The Annual Performance Plans (APPs) of the Department of Public Works and some of the entities were not specific; measurable; achievable; relevant and time-bound (SMART). The APPs and the Strategic Plans were also not aligned. 3.2 The collusion in the construction industry delays the progress of emerging contractors to move up into higher grades as set out by the cidb Register of Contractors. The collusion may create room for the misuse of State funds.