a. Investment by local suppliers was limited due to uncertainty regarding future, particularly long-term, local procurement possibilities. b. Local investors were reluctant to obtain the necessary international quality assurance certification to qualify to be included in multinationals' global value chains because of the time and effort required to achieve certification. c. Where the promotion of black suppliers is imperative, the DPE and other stakeholders had raised the need for on-going direct support as a constraint to ensure the delivery of quality products that are delivered on time.