2.3 Observations made during oversight visits and through interactions with the JCPS cluster and stakeholders, reveal a number of challenges that contribute to the correctional centres' chronic overcrowding. One of the biggest drivers of overcrowding in South African correctional centres is the large number of persons who have been charged, but whose trials have not yet been finalised. In 2011/12 29% of South Africa's inmate population comprised remand detainees. While the remand population has decreased over the past five years, and at 14 August 2012, totalled just over 45 000, the number remains very high.