Approximately 17 million people or 30 per cent of South Africa's population still resided in the former homelands. Only about a third of working age adults in the former homelands have a primary education compared to less than a quarter in the rest of the country. The impact of rural development is still unclear in the rural areas and there is no clear relationship between land reform and rural development. The Commission called for the need for additional allocations for the establishment of logistics and marketing institutions; education and health care services in rural areas.