Significant investment is required in both human resources and research infrastructure at universities to improve the quality of learning and teaching, and to support the development of research capacities at universities. The National Research Foundation (NRF) internship programme support increased from 216 interns in 2008 to 365 interns in 2010. South African Research Chairs increased from 82 in the previous year to 92 chairs in 2010. Eight CoEs are already in place. The percentage of students supported expressed as a percentage of total possible students to be funded through existing instruments is still low. The existing instruments are not yet providing sufficient numbers of emerging and young researchers.