Allow me to sum up. It's quite late so allow me to sum up. South Africa is at a turning point where the whole of society has to examine itself, its mission and its vision. All the parties in the House, including the ANC, must examine their policies and role in our society on the basis of Mandela's aspirations for a society which is in transformation - an inclusive society.
How do we handle this? It seems to me that the ANC and the government are struggling extremely hard against a legacy which I believe was much worse than we understood it to be.
When we were in the struggle and in exile, we often used to talk about the violence of the apartheid regime, the oppressive character of the regime, colour discrimination, all those sorts of things. In international fora and at the United Nations our spokespersons used to talk about those things: prisons, the oppression, and so on.
We talked very little about what apartheid did to the black people of South Africa. We didn't talk about what they really did to the people, especially those in the rural areas, the schools and the conditions in which children grew up. We did not talk about that.
As the education Ministers grappled with that legacy - and it's a huge legacy - the difficulties of overcoming teachers who don't teach because they were never taught to teach ... Many of them had no university education, but second-rate certificates. [Interjections.] As we try to overcome this self-perpetuating system of underdevelopment, of a dual economy, a dual society ... It's an enormous uphill battle to overcome that.
What this government must do is not talk primarily about equality of opportunities, but how we overcome the legacy and disadvantage. That disadvantage is still here. [Interjections.] You see it everywhere.
The disadvantage of the legacy is massive. [Interjections.] That is why the key concept that I want to put forward here as representing the views of Mandela ... [Laughter.] ... is the transformation into an inclusive society. [Laughter.] The hon Ellis is on his way out; please leave! [Laughter.]