. Working conditions on farms had not changed much, with job shedding and short-term contract labour being prevalent. . The land reform legislation had not achieved the changes expected, with less than 8% of the 2014 targets having been reached to date. . At present, both the business and land ownership of the wine-industry was mostly white controlled. . There were very few successful commercial black wine farmers. . The global recession had also had an effect on transformation. . It was very difficult for emerging wine farmers to break into a wine- making legacy of 350-plus years, and many white farmers were not willing to open their doors to black entrepreneurs. . The growing rural population was poor, low-skilled, and under- resourced.