Total tax revenue is expected to amount to R679 billion in the 2010/11 financial year (25.3 per cent of GDP). A strong increase in value added tax (VAT) proceeds has been recorded, partly attributed to increased consumer demand, but also because of lower capital investment and the associated reduction in VAT refunds. Customs duty collections have improved, mainly as a result of higher vehicle and component imports. For the period ahead, tax revenue is expected to average about 26 per cent of GDP that is still somewhat below the levels recorded before the recession.