. Ageing infrastructure, causing approximately 15 per cent distribution losses. . The supply of electricity to Geluksoord Extension 2 through Integrated National Energy Plan (INEP) was problematic as it was a Greenfield development and the Department of Mineral Resources is reluctant to approve the project as those sites are not occupied at present. . Maintaining the effluent within the acceptable standards. . Approximately 70% of the stands in Christiana as well as the entire Hoek portion in Bloemhof still use septic tanks. . The internal reticulation of sanitation in certain areas of Utlwanang and especially Boitumelong Extension 5 is problematic. . The road infrastructure was not properly maintained over the past 20 years while most of the roads are gravel roads that need regular maintenance.