On the West Rand, toxic water has already severely affected, if not completely undermined the ecosystem life in the Tweelopiespruit and the Robinson Lake near Randfontein. Even some borehole water is polluted and the AMD is most likely to have a negative effect on the integrity of the Cradle of Humankind. In some areas, the water has polluted the soil, so people cannot grow vegetables, and if communities grow vegetables, the quality is affected. The water is also used by livestock.