Cala University Students Association (CALUSA) and Siyazakha's submission of Tsengiwe case study illustrated a need for the repeal of the BAA. The submission showed that the BAA gave birth to Tribal Authorities that were different from people's local customs. The local custom and practice in Cala was to elect their own headman. But the Eastern Cape Provincial Leadership and Governance Act of 2005 forbids this practice.