. It gives traditional councils the very kinds of unaccountable governance powers they had as traditional authorities under BAA. . It preserves and entrenches the obsolete and repugnant boundaries, authority structures and power relations between traditional leaders and their subjects. . It permits possibilities of collection of taxes and levies by the traditional councils (section 4(2) and (3) (note that the Constitution [section 43 and 104] vests these powers to National and Provincial spheres of government). It was argued that this provision is in contrast with the provisions of the White Paper on Traditional Leadership and Governance, which discourages imposition of taxes and levies by traditional authorities.