The PoKZN reported that many challenges have been experienced and that these challenges included: . provincial properties that are carrying arrears from the years prior to devolution of the property rates payment function to provinces; . properties where the ownership was unclear and had to be established between municipality, provincial and national custodians; . some municipalities disconnect services if rates are not paid or not fully paid; . property rates in a number of municipalities increased by between 300% to 1000% and more, for example in uMngeni, Umsunduzi, Richmond, KwaSani and Kokstad municipalities; and . the Ingonyama Trust Land properties have large tracts with numerous facilities on the parent property to which the municipality would attach a market value but the PoKZN is only responsible for the payment of property rates on state domestic facilities.