Under Gross Expenditure on Research and Development it was reported that the 2007/8 Research and Development (R&D) survey showed spending on R&D amounted to R18.6 billion, that is 0.93 per cent of GDP. Spending decreased from 0.95% (2006/7) to 0.93% (2007/8). Private sector spending on R&D amounted to 57.7%.