Together with the Department of Science and Technology and the sector, we will examine our gross national investment in research and its distribution across sectors and institutions. I am particularly concerned, as I have said, that we address the challenges faced by our historically disadvantaged universities, and this will receive my dedicated attention. In discussions with the affected institutions, models will be developed to address the effectiveness of teaching and learning, the qualifications and research culture of the teaching staff, and institutional practices supporting research and scholarship.