Whether the Council on Higher Education (CHE) has put measures in place to ensure that all universities are using reputable external examiners for all courses; if not, (a) why not and (b) what steps will the CHE take in order to rectify this significant gap in quality control; if so, what are the relevant details of the measures in respect of each course at each university;
(2) Whether the CHE approves of the practice of using bell curves in some instances to determine the distribution of marks in university courses, as an alternative to using external examiners; if not, why not; if so, why?