3.2.1 The Boksburg management area has an approved post establishment of 1 611, but only 1 055 of these are financed. At the time of the visit, only 914 of the centre-based posts were filled, and the centre had 114 professional staff. The Area Commissioner explained that the staff shortage was a major challenge: the centres have never been able to meet their member-to-inmate ratio, and therefore unit management has never been effectively implemented. Centre B, which was almost 100% overcrowded at the time of the visit, has 132 financed posts, but only 122 of these were filled. 3.2.2 The area commissioner explained that the implementation of the Seven- Day Establishment (7DE) had seen a number of staff migrating from office-based positions to centre-based ones. At the time this migration had been allowed with the understanding that the vacated office-based positions would be filled. This has not happened, nor has the necessary skills transfer to the new centre-based staff occurred. It was emphasised that even before the implementation of the 7DE, the DCS had had staffing challenges. The 7DE has definitely exacerbated these. The support external service providers provided was also compromised because often there was insufficient security staff on duty to ensure such service providers' safety.