(1) With regard to the new regulations requiring a certified letter from the other parent on a child’s birth certificate granting consent to travel abroad, has any provision been made for single parents who no longer have any contact with the other parent listed on the birth certificate and are thus unable to obtain consent; if not, why not; if so, what are the relevant details; (2) are there any options available to a parent who cannot obtain a certified letter of consent, because of the other parent’s refusal to grant it; if not, why not; if so, what are the options?